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Integrated GNSS
Kingmach Integrated GNSS include the JMDL-31XXAT Smart Multipoint Displacement Meter for tunnels, rock slopes, foundation pits, and surrounding rock layers. This product is not used like a surface joint gauge. It is built for boreholes where movement must be separated by depth. The instrument group includes displacement gauges, PVC measuring rod protective tubes, anchor heads, and multipoint installation kits that support three to five points. During installation, the borehole is prepared, anchor heads are set at selected layers, and grouting fixes each anchor to its target rock or soil zone. Listed models include 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm ranges, all with 0.01 mm resolution. The sensing circuit changes output frequency as the measuring rod moves through the coil, so each channel can report how one anchored layer moves relative to the reference head. This layout is useful when tunnel crown movement, slope slip, or foundation pit deformation may start at one depth before it appears elsewhere. Field records should emphasize borehole number, anchor depth, grout condition, channel order, and the direction of expected movement. During later review, engineers can compare shallow and deep anchors to judge whether the deformation is local relaxation, progressive sliding, or full-section movement. That layered view is the main reason to use a multipoint instrument instead of several unrelated surface gauges.
Application of Integrated GNSS
In tunnel engineering, Integrated GNSS help monitor surrounding rock deformation, lining movement, tunnel portal displacement, clearance change, and crack opening after excavation. Tunnel sites often have wet air, dust, restricted access, and changing support stages, so the instrument must hold a stable baseline through construction disturbance. Kingmach JMDL-31XXAT multipoint displacement meters use drilling and grouting with anchor heads at different depths, allowing engineers to compare the movement of separate rock layers. The series lists 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm ranges with 0.01 mm resolution. JMDL-32XXAT single-point bedrock meters can be embedded with a flange, tie rod, anchor head, and PVC pipe assembly. JMLS-22XXADT wire rope sensors can watch longer displacement paths or tunnel wall clearances. These readings help site teams decide whether deformation is responding to excavation sequence, groundwater, lining timing, nearby blasting, or long-term ground pressure. During operation, the monitoring team should keep the baseline, temperature, inspection notes, and nearby sensor behavior in the same review file. This makes it easier to tell whether a movement trend comes from normal service, a repair event, changing load, water influence, or developing structural risk. Clear records also help owners decide when a field inspection is needed instead of waiting for visible damage.
The future of Integrated GNSS
The future of Integrated GNSS will include more mixed measurement packages rather than single-sensor orders. A slope package may combine GNSS, multipoint displacement, crack gauges, pore pressure, rainfall, and tilt. A bridge package may combine differential displacement, strain gauges, load cells, accelerometers, temperature, and bearing inspection records. A tunnel package may combine multipoint displacement, convergence, lining strain, water pressure, and vibration. Kingmach already provides a broad product ecosystem across displacement, strain, load, settlement, tilt, environmental monitoring, acquisition equipment, cables, and software. The next step is project-specific packaging where the displacement instrument is selected together with its data logger, cable, cabinet, communication route, warning logic, and maintenance plan. That approach reduces mismatched hardware and makes the monitoring system easier to operate after handover. It also helps procurement teams compare complete monitoring functions instead of comparing sensor names alone. For complex infrastructure, the package should define which movement point answers which engineering question before hardware is ordered.
Care & Maintenance of Integrated GNSS
For embedded Integrated GNSS such as multipoint and bedrock displacement meters, maintenance depends heavily on installation records because the sensing parts may not be visible after grouting or backfilling. For JMDL-31XXAT multipoint meters, keep drilling depth, anchor head depth, grouting date, point number, cable route, and baseline readings in one record. The system may monitor three to five points, so channel naming must be exact. For JMDL-32XXAT single-point bedrock meters, record flange position, tie rod condition, anchor point, PVC pipe route, and expected movement direction. During service, compare adjacent depths rather than reading each channel alone. A shallow layer moving while deeper layers remain steady has a different meaning from full-depth displacement. Do not pull or shorten cables during cabinet work, and protect exposed sections from water, rodents, sharp edges, and construction traffic. Keep the installation photo, point number, zero value, and expected movement direction with the commissioning record for later review. If a reading changes after maintenance work, inspect the base, anchor, cable, and cabinet before assuming the structure itself has moved.
Kingmach Integrated GNSS
Long-term projects need Integrated GNSS that can survive the same weather, vibration, cable pulling, and site handling as the structure itself. Kingmach designs several smart displacement products with built-in memory chips, digital detection, strong anti-interference capability, and direct display through compatible testers. The JMDL-22XXAT crack gauge stores up to 600 measurement results and covers 20 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm models. The JMDL-21XXAT general-purpose model stores up to 800 records and can save time, temperature, absolute displacement, relative displacement, and zero-point values. These records matter during handover because the original baseline, later shifts, and abnormal readings can be checked without relying only on handwritten notes. For bridges, dams, tunnels, slopes, and buildings, that traceability helps maintenance teams judge whether a movement event is isolated, repeated, or linked with surrounding construction and environmental change. The point should be named on the drawing, linked with its cable route, and checked against the expected movement direction before the first automatic reading is accepted. For daily review, the reading should be compared with nearby points, recent weather, site operations, and any loading event that could explain the movement.
FAQ
Q: What are Integrated GNSS used for?
A: They measure movement such as relative displacement, crack width, expansion joint travel, bedrock deformation, rock layer movement, geogrid deformation, formwork settlement, and equipment stroke.
Q: Which Kingmach models belong to this category?
A: Common models include JMDL-21XXAT, JMDL-22XXAT, JMDL-24XXAT, JMDL-31XXAT, JMDL-32XXAT, JMDL-49XXAT, JMDL-52XXADT, JMCW-21XXADT, and JMLS-22XXADT.
Q: What range should be selected first?
A: Start from the expected movement. Short joint monitoring may need 20 mm to 100 mm, while draw-wire or equipment travel may require 500 mm to 2000 mm.
Q: Can these products support remote monitoring?
A: Yes. Several Kingmach models support digital transmission, RS485 communication, automatic acquisition, integrated testers, or unattended monitoring systems.
Q: Why is the baseline reading important?
A: All later movement is compared against the starting point. The baseline should be recorded after the sensor, bracket, anchor, cable, and structure are stable.
Reviews
Michael Anderson
The strain gauges and load cells are extremely accurate and stable. They performed very well in our bridge monitoring project. Highly recommended!
Matthew Garcia
Instrumentation cables are durable and perform well even in harsh environments. Will definitely order again.
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