GNSS
The JMDL-32XXAT Smart Single-Point Bedrock Displacement Meter extends Kingmach GNSS into embedded rock and foundation monitoring. It is designed for tunnel rock mass deformation, dam bedrock deformation, slope sliding, and foundation pit face movement. The assembly includes a flange, electrical displacement sensor, tie rod, anchor head, and PVC pipe, forming a practical embedded instrument for single-depth displacement. Listed models include 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm ranges, each with 0.01 mm resolution. Product information lists displacement accuracy of 0.5%FS, temperature accuracy of plus or minus 0.5 degrees Celsius, and an operating temperature range from -30 degrees Celsius to +80 degrees Celsius. This product is useful where the monitoring point needs to be anchored into a known layer rather than mounted only on a visible surface. In tunnels, dams, slopes, and deep excavations, that embedded layout helps link surface observations with movement inside the rock or foundation body. During project setup, the measuring point should be matched with the expected travel direction, available mounting space, cable route, and required acquisition interval. This prevents a short-range joint instrument from being used on a long-travel point, or an exposed sensor from being placed where an embedded anchor is needed. It also helps the monitoring team set a baseline that can be defended during acceptance and later maintenance review.

Application of GNSS
In dam and hydropower projects, GNSS can track joint opening, bedrock deformation, gate position, dam body movement, tunnel portal movement, and displacement between monitoring points. The pain point is long service life under water level fluctuation, seepage, temperature change, and difficult access. Kingmach JMDL-32XXAT single-point bedrock meters are designed for dam bedrock deformation and provide 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm ranges with 0.01 mm resolution. JMDL-52XXADT differential meters can monitor relative movement in concrete joints with RS485 digital output and plus or minus 0.1%FS accuracy. JMCW-21XXADT magnetostrictive meters provide 0 to 1000 mm absolute position measurement for gates, equipment stroke, or structural movement. JMLS-22XXADT wire rope sensors support up to 2000 mm for larger displacement paths. Combined with water level, seepage, strain, and temperature monitoring, displacement data helps dam managers understand deformation behavior across operating cycles. During operation, the monitoring team should keep the baseline, temperature, inspection notes, and nearby sensor behavior in the same review file. This makes it easier to tell whether a movement trend comes from normal service, a repair event, changing load, water influence, or developing structural risk. Clear records also help owners decide when a field inspection is needed instead of waiting for visible damage.

The future of GNSS
Future GNSS will also become easier to install in cramped and irregular field locations. Many monitoring points are not clean laboratory setups; they are narrow tunnel headings, wet dam galleries, crowded bridge joints, temporary formwork frames, steep slopes, and machinery spaces with limited room for tools. Smaller housings, clearer mounting accessories, stronger cable exits, and simpler alignment checks will reduce installation errors. Kingmach already uses several physical formats, including crack gauges with measuring rods and bases, draw-wire sensors for longer travel, embedded bedrock assemblies, flexible geogrid meters, and non-contact magnetostrictive meters. Future product development can make these formats more modular, so engineers select the mounting kit, cable protection, connector type, and acquisition method together. That would shorten commissioning time and make later maintenance less dependent on the original installer. For projects with many measurement points, practical installation improvements can be as important as another decimal place of resolution, because a well-mounted sensor gives cleaner data from the beginning.

Care & Maintenance of GNSS
For embedded GNSS such as multipoint and bedrock displacement meters, maintenance depends heavily on installation records because the sensing parts may not be visible after grouting or backfilling. For JMDL-31XXAT multipoint meters, keep drilling depth, anchor head depth, grouting date, point number, cable route, and baseline readings in one record. The system may monitor three to five points, so channel naming must be exact. For JMDL-32XXAT single-point bedrock meters, record flange position, tie rod condition, anchor point, PVC pipe route, and expected movement direction. During service, compare adjacent depths rather than reading each channel alone. A shallow layer moving while deeper layers remain steady has a different meaning from full-depth displacement. Do not pull or shorten cables during cabinet work, and protect exposed sections from water, rodents, sharp edges, and construction traffic. Keep the installation photo, point number, zero value, and expected movement direction with the commissioning record for later review. If a reading changes after maintenance work, inspect the base, anchor, cable, and cabinet before assuming the structure itself has moved.
Kingmach GNSS
When a monitoring plan is built around GNSS, the first question should be the engineering decision behind the reading. If the purpose is crack control, the JMDL-22XXAT series focuses on crack width, joints, and expansion joints. If the purpose is rock layer movement, the JMDL-31XXAT multipoint meter anchors several depths and separates displacement by layer. If the purpose is bedrock or slope face movement, the JMDL-32XXAT embedded single-point meter uses an anchor head, tie rod, flange, and PVC pipe assembly. If the purpose is large travel or equipment position, the JMLS-22XXADT wire rope sensor and JMCW-21XXADT magnetostrictive meter provide longer range options. Kingmach's category is therefore a toolbox for movement diagnosis, not one product renamed many times. That distinction helps engineers set warning values that match the structure being observed. The point should be named on the drawing, linked with its cable route, and checked against the expected movement direction before the first automatic reading is accepted. For daily review, the reading should be compared with nearby points, recent weather, site operations, and any loading event that could explain the movement.
FAQ
Q: What are GNSS used for?
A: They measure movement such as relative displacement, crack width, expansion joint travel, bedrock deformation, rock layer movement, geogrid deformation, formwork settlement, and equipment stroke.
Q: Which Kingmach models belong to this category?
A: Common models include JMDL-21XXAT, JMDL-22XXAT, JMDL-24XXAT, JMDL-31XXAT, JMDL-32XXAT, JMDL-49XXAT, JMDL-52XXADT, JMCW-21XXADT, and JMLS-22XXADT.
Q: What range should be selected first?
A: Start from the expected movement. Short joint monitoring may need 20 mm to 100 mm, while draw-wire or equipment travel may require 500 mm to 2000 mm.
Q: Can these products support remote monitoring?
A: Yes. Several Kingmach models support digital transmission, RS485 communication, automatic acquisition, integrated testers, or unattended monitoring systems.
Q: Why is the baseline reading important?
A: All later movement is compared against the starting point. The baseline should be recorded after the sensor, bracket, anchor, cable, and structure are stable.
Reviews
Joshua Clark
We ordered a full monitoring solution including sensors and data loggers. Everything works seamlessly together. Great supplier!
Andrew Lee
The visualization software is intuitive and powerful. It helps us analyze monitoring data efficiently.
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